Rivers and Floods

• Interpret topographic contour lines to measure gradients and relief; identify hills, basins, ridges, valleys, steep slopes, and gentle slopes.
• Determine stream flow direction, gradient, and sinuosity from a topographic map.
• Interpret stream valley profiles, and explain correlations between a stream’s characteristics and the shape of the valley it creates.
• Identify and differentiate erosional and depositional landforms created by streams.
• Use historical data (stream discharge) to calculate flood recurrence intervals and create a flood frequency graph.

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